IPC 7 English version C12P !A-C12P 41/00

C12P-C12P04100

SECTION C – CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C 12

BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

C 12 P

FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE (fermentation processes to form a food composition A21, A23; compounds in general, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C01, C07; brewing of beer C12C; producing vinegar C12J; processes for producing enzymes C12N 9/00; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification C12N 15/00) [3]

Notes

(1)

This subclass covers both major and minor chemical modifications. [3]

(2)

Group C12P 1/00 covers processes for producing organic compounds not sufficiently identified to be classified in groups C12P 3/00 to C12P 37/00. Compounds identified only by their empirical formulae are not considered to be sufficiently identified. [3]

(3)

Attention is drawn to Notes (1) to (3) following the title of class C12. [4]

(4)

If a particular reaction is considered of interest, it is also classified in the relevant chemical compound class, e.g. C07, C08. [3]

(5)

In this subclass:

–

metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound.

–

compositions are classified in the relevant compound groups. [3]

(6)

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass C12R. The indexing codes should be linked. [6]

Subclass Index

BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

Inorganic compounds

C12P 3/00

Acyclic or carbocyclic organic compounds

C12P 5/00 to C12P 15/00

peptides or proteins

Carotenes

Tetracyclines

Prostaglandins

Steroids

Heterocyclic organic compounds

C12P 17/00

containing saccharide radicals

C12P 19/00

Riboflavin

C12P 25/00

Giberellin

C12P 27/00

Cephalosporin; penicillin

C12P 35/00; C12P 37/00

SEPARATION OF OPTICAL ISOMERS

C12P 41/00

OTHER PROCESSES FOR BIOSYNTHESIS PREPARATIONS

C12P 1/00, C12P 39/00

Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P 3/00 to C12P 39/00, by using micro-organisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using micro-organisms or enzymes [3]

by using fungi [3]

by using bacteria [3]

by using actinomycetales [3]

Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide [3]

Preparation of hydrocarbons [3]

acyclic (producing methane by anaerobic treatment of sludge C02F 11/04) [3]

Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds [3]

containing a hydroxy group [3]

acyclic [3]

Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage [3]

produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate [3]

substrate containing cellulosic material [3]

substrate containing sulfite waste liquor or citrus waste [3]

Multiple stages of fermentation; Multiple types of micro-organisms or reuse for micro-organisms [3]

Butanols [3]

polyhydric [3]

Glycerol [3]

aromatic [3]

containing a carbonyl group [3]

Ketones [3]

Acetone-containing products [3]

produced from substrate containing inorganic compounds other than water [3]

produced from substrate containing inorganic nitrogen source [3]

produced from substrate containing protein as nitrogen source [3]

produced from substrate containing grain or cereal material [3]

Cyclopentanone- or cyclopentadione- containing products [3]

containing a carboxyl group [3]

Hydroxy carboxylic acids [3]

Polycarboxylic acids [3]

Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid [3]

Tricarboxylic acids, e.g. citric acid [3]

having keto groups, e.g. 2-ketoglutaric acid [3]

Propionic acid; Butyric acids [3]

Acetic acid (vinegar C12J) [3]

Lactic acid [3]

Aldonic, ketoaldonic or saccharic acids (uronic acids C12P 19/00) [3]

2-Ketogulonic acid [3]

Carboxylic acid esters [3]

Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats [3]

containing the quinoid structure [3]

Preparation of organic compounds containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, S, or halogen [3]

11/

Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds [3]

13/

Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds [3]

13/

Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol [3]

13/

Alpha- or beta-amino acids [3]

13/

Alanine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Serine; Homoserine [3]

13/

Lysine; Diaminopimelic acid; Threonine; Valine [3]

13/

Citrulline; Arginine; Ornithine [3]

13/

Methionine; Cysteine; Cystine [3]

13/

Glutamic acid; Glutamine [3]

13/

using surfactants, fatty acids or fatty acid esters, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group or a carboxyl ester group [3]

13/

using biotin or its derivatives [3]

13/

Aspartic acid; Asparagine [3]

13/

Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine [3]

13/

Proline; Hydroxyproline; Histidine [3]

15/

Preparation of compounds containing at least three condensed carbocyclic rings [3]

17/

Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se, or Te as ring hetero atoms (C12P 13/04 to C12P 13/24 take precedence) [3]

17/

Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms [3]

17/

containing a five-membered hetero ring, e.g. griseofulvin [3]

17/

containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein [3]

17/

containing a hetero ring of at least seven ring members, e.g. zearalenone, macrolide aglycons [3]

17/

Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom [3]

17/

containing a six-membered hetero ring [3]

17/

Nitrogen or oxygen as hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring [3]

17/

containing two or more hetero rings [3]

17/

containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin [3]

19/

Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals (ketoaldonic acids C12P 7/58) [3]

Note

Attention is drawn to Note (3) following the title of subclass C07H, which defines the expression "saccharide radical". [3]

19/

Monosaccharides (2-ketogulonic acid C12P 7/60) [3]

19/

Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds [3]

19/

Xanthan, i.e. Xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides [3]

19/

Dextran [3]

19/

Pullulan [3]

19/

Disaccharides [3]

19/

produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase [3]

19/

produced by the action of an alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, e.g. amylose, debranched amylopectin (non-biological hydrolysis of starch C08B 30/00) [3]

19/

produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins [3]

19/

produced by the action of an exo-1, 4 alpha-glucosidase, e.g. dextrose [3]

19/

produced by the action of a beta-amylase, e.g. maltose [3]

19/

produced by the action of an isomerase, e.g. fructose [3]

19/

Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates [3]

19/

N-glycosides [3]

19/

Nucleotides [3]

19/

having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same-ring, e.g. purine nucleotides, nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide [3]

19/

Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides [3]

19/

Dinucleotides, e.g. nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate [3]

19/

Nucleosides [3]

19/

having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleosides [3]

19/

Cobalamins, i.e. vitamin B₁₂ , LLD factor [3]

19/

Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides [3]

19/

having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical bound to a cyclohexyl radical, e.g. kasugamycin [3]

19/

the cyclohexyl radical being substituted by two or more nitrogen atoms, e.g. destomycin, neamin [3]

19/

having two saccharide radicals bound through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbon atoms of the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. ambutyrosin, ribostamycin [3]

19/

containing three or more saccharide radicals, e.g. neomycin, lividomycin [3]

19/

the cyclohexyl radical being bound directly to a nitrogen atom of two or more

radicals, e.g. streptomycin [3]

19/

having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound to a condensed ring system having three or more carbocyclic rings, e.g. daunomycin, adriamycin [3]

19/

having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound through only acyclic carbon atoms to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. bleomycin, phleomycin [3]

19/

having an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly bound to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring or a condensed ring system containing a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin [3]

19/

the hetero ring having eight or more ring members and only oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. erythromycin, spiramycin, nystatin [3]

19/

Preparation of S-glycosides, e.g. lincomycin [3]

21/

Preparation of peptides or proteins (single-cell protein C12N 1/00) [3]

21/

having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione [3]

21/

Cyclic or bridged peptides or polypeptides, e.g. bacitracin (cyclised by –S–S– bonds only C12P 21/02) [3]

21/

produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products (preparing foodstuffs by protein hydrolysis A23J 3/00) [3]

21/

Monoclonal antibodies [5]

23/

Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes (containing hetero-rings C12P 17/00) [3]

25/

Preparation of compounds containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus, e.g. riboflavin [3]

27/

Preparation of compounds containing a gibbane ring system, e.g. gibberellin [3]

29/

Preparation of compounds containing a naphthacene ring system, e.g. tetracycline (C12P 19/00 takes precedence) [3]

31/

Preparation of compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having at least one oxygen atom directly bound to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly bound to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having at least one oxygen atom bound in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins [3]

33/

Preparation of steroids [3]

Notes

(1)

In groups C12P 33/02 to C12P 33/20, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated:

–

"acting", "forming", "hydroxylating", "dehydroxylating" or "dehydrogenating" means the action of a micro-organism or enzyme rather than other chemical action. [3]

(2)

Attention is drawn to the Note following the title of subclass C07J, which explains what is covered by the term "steroids". [3]

33/

Dehydrogenating; Dehydroxylating [3]

33/

Forming an aryl ring from A ring [3]

33/

Hydroxylating [3]

33/

at 11 position [3]

33/

at 11alpha-position [3]

33/

Acting on D ring [3]

33/

Hydroxylating at 16 position [3]

33/

Acting at 17 position [3]

33/

Hydroxylating at 17 position [3]

33/

containing heterocyclic rings [3]

35/

Preparation of compounds having a 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring system, e.g. cephalosporin [3]

35/

by desacylation of the substituent in the 7 position [3]

35/

by acylation of the substituent in the 7 position [3]

35/

Cephalosporin C; Derivatives thereof [3]

35/

disubstituted in the 7 position [3]

37/

Preparation of compounds having a 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring system, e.g. penicillin [3]

37/

in presence of phenylacetic acid or phenylacetamide or their derivatives [3]

37/

by acylation of the substituent in the 6 position [3]

37/

by desacylation of the substituent in the 6 position [3]

39/

Processes involving micro-organisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously [3]

41/

Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture [4]